玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼拉(la)擠(ji)型材(cai)(cai)是目前使(shi)用較廣的一種材(cai)(cai)料，用它(ta)(ta)可以制作成護(hu)欄(lan)、格柵、蓋板、方(fang)管等各種產品。在(zai)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼拉(la)擠(ji)型材(cai)(cai)的制作過(guo)程中，不同的直徑會使(shi)其(qi)的性能(neng)受到影響。那(nei)么(me)對于玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼拉(la)擠(ji)型材(cai)(cai)來說，它(ta)(ta)的直徑要求(qiu)是什么(me)，下面一起來了解下吧(ba)。

在生產玻璃纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)過程中,改變玻璃纖(xian)維(wei)原(yuan)料的(de)熔融溫度、漏板(ban)孔徑(jing)、拉絲(si)溫度及拉絲(si)速度等,可(ke)以控(kong)制玻璃纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)直徑(jing)。以前9～ 10μm的(de)玻璃纖(xian)維(wei)常(chang)被作為(wei)復合材料的(de)增強材料,而現在逐(zhu)漸開(kai)始使用直徑(jing)13～ 18μm的(de)玻璃纖(xian)維(wei)。

從理論上(shang)(shang)(shang)講,玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)越細,其(qi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)越高,但是(shi)實(shi)際生產(chan)中,玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)遠遠低于(yu)理論值(zhi),這是(shi)由于(yu)單絲在拉(la)(la)絲過(guo)程(cheng)中表(biao)面(mian)形成(cheng)了很多微裂紋。梁中全等[7]研究(jiu)表(biao)明,當玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)在9～ 13μm范圍變(bian)化(hua)時,高強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)原絲拉(la)(la)伸斷裂強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)基本保持穩定(ding)。但是(shi)當玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)進一步變(bian)大時,玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)比(bi)表(biao)面(mian)積及其(qi)表(biao)面(mian)活性變(bian)小,使得玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸附浸(jin)潤劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)量大幅減(jian)少,從而造成(cheng)玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)缺(que)陷大幅增加,強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)降低。根(gen)據纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)原理,只有纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)在臨界長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)時才能充分發揮纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)作用,從理論上(shang)(shang)(shang)講,增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)***小長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)50～ 100倍。但是(shi)隨著纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)繼續增加,拉(la)(la)伸強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)顯著下降。

研究表(biao)(biao)明,隨著纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)長(chang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia),纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)******率(lv)提(ti)高,當纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)長(chang)度(du)(du)超過(guo)12mm時,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)對復合(he)材料各項性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)******果(guo)基(ji)本達到******。盡管隨著纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)長(chang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia),纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微裂(lie)紋會(hui)相應增(zeng)(zeng)多,從而使纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)降低,但在剛性(xing)(xing)、壓(ya)縮強(qiang)度(du)(du)、彎曲強(qiang)度(du)(du)、耐蠕變性(xing)(xing)、沖擊(ji)強(qiang)度(du)(du)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面,長(chang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)鋼卻比短(duan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)鋼表(biao)(biao)現出更(geng)(geng)佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能。纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)復合(he)材料吸收沖擊(ji)強(qiang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式有3種:纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)斷裂(lie)、纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)拔出、樹脂斷裂(lie)。纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)長(chang)度(du)(du)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia),則纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)拔出消耗(hao)更(geng)(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量,故有利(li)于沖擊(ji)強(qiang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高。另外纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)端部容易引起應力(li)集中,是裂(lie)紋增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引發點(dian),因此端部數量少的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei),也能提(ti)高材料沖擊(ji)強(qiang)度(du)(du)。